Trailers as Multi-model Texts

A multi-model text is a form of media that has two or more ways of creating meaning through different ways of communication. This can be through written text on screen, spoken language, sound effects and music. 

TITLE OF FILM: Catch Me If You Can (2002, Directed by Steven Spielberg)
FEATURES OF MULTIMODAL TEXT	DESCRIPTION OF FEATURE IN TRAILER	ANALYSIS OF IMPACT ON AUDIENCE
Written text on screen	When introducing the actor's names and when it says 'based on a true story' the text is transitioned into the trailer by two arrows running parallel to each other moving across the screen in opposite directions.  Other on-screen text includes: 'Frank never went to flight school' (proceeded by a shot of Frank mas a pilot) Frank never went to medical school' (Proceeded by a shot of Frank as a doctor) 'Frank never went to law school' (Proceeded by a shot of Frank as a lawyer) 'Because Frank is still in high school'	The fact that this says 'based on a true story' would intrigue the audience as this might intrigue them to find out how the protagonist, Frank, managed to get away with becoming a pilot, lawyer and doctor without any training or how he never gets caught by the FBI, or at least avoided them for as long as possible. Considering the film's title and the the plot of the film, the arrows help to connote the fact that Frank is avoiding the authorities while they are trying to catch him for being a con artist.  This would intrigue the audience as they would know that you would need further education in order to get into these professions yet the on-screen text tells them that Frank has not attended any of these and that he is still in high school. This will make the audience ask a simple question of 'How did he do it?'.
Spoken language	Carl: 'You're gonna get caught, its like Vegas, the house always wins' [Carl and Frank speaking over the phone] Carl: 'What do you want' Frank: 'To apologise'  Carl: 'You didn't call to apologise did you? You have no one else to call'	This line of dialogue could be a hint of foreshadowing to the audience. Car id comparing the FBI as a house and therefore frank should be an 'outsider'. This metaphor Carl uses compares the FBI's mission to capture Frank as a casino game, as if it was a gamble, that both sides are risking everything they have in order to get the job done. This could make the audience support Frank even more because they would know that he would literally lose everything  if he does not escape the FBI. This piece of dialogue achieves the same effect as the previous, as the audience will feel more sympatheic towards Frank, as Carl implies that Frank is alone and has no one to trust.
Moving images	We are shown a mixture of shots showing Frank 'living the dream' where his life appears to be glorified, and other shots showing him in disdain and with a worried expression.	As this film is based off of a true story there are no special effects featured in the trailer and the cinematography is not overly dramatic in order to help retain the realism in the narrative. As mentioned before, we see many scenes showing different sides to Frank's life, hinting to the audience that he will go through a series of  events where he has a rise in power over the FBI, and a fall where the FBI are catching onto his case. There are two consecutive shots that show Frank (now with long hair) and a young girl as they look at each other through a window (shown in the bottom left image). This could possibly symbolise that through innocent eyes that do not look at him as a criminal, Frank is not such of a bad person that higher authorities make him out to be.
Sound effects	There is not a great amount of sound effects in this trailer since most of the sound in the trailer is the background song. When we see Frank as a lawyer, he says 'This is irrefutable evidence that the defendant is lying' and proceeds to slam his open case down to close in which we hear a loud 'thud' with a short echo.	Like I have mentioned before, they likely did not put in too many sound effects in order to make the film more realistic and not far-fetched as this is based off of a true story.  The music playing from the start of the trailer up to this point stops as soon as we hear this 'thud', creating a dramatic pause, signifying to the audience that Frank is very confident in his statement. It also helps build up apprehension for the following on-screen text that tells teh audience that Frank is still in high school, making this revelation have even more of an impact.
Music	The music being played in the background of the trailer is called 'Don't Rain On My Parade' by Bobby Darin.	The lyrics of the song can relate to the protagonist's life. 'Don't tell me not to fly I've simply got to If someone takes a spill It's me and not you Don't bring around a cloud To rain on my parade.' Considering how the protagonist, Frank cons people by pretending to be a pilot, a lawyer and a doctor, and gets a wealthy living out of it,and how the FBI are after him to bring an end to his law-breaking ways. The lyrics 'Don't tell me not to fly'  strongly relates to the fact that he posed as a pilot for a a number of years. The title of the song itself makes it seem as if it is Frank directly telling the FBI not to 'rain on his parade'.

Sound in Trailers

Sound is a very important aspect to film trailers as it is the sounds that help set the mood to the trailer in order to get a specific emotional response from the audience, weather it makes them scared, excited or saddened. The audience's response will be different depending on the pace/ tempo, the intensity of the bass and possibly the instruments involved in the music. For example, if the music played was a slow violin or piano we would be made to feel sadness if it was inserted alongside a scene of tragedy, but if we were to hear a song that had an electric guitar and a quick and heavy drumbeat that was inserted alongside a montage of action-shots then we would feel excitement and get an 'adrenaline rush'. Often in actions trailers, they would use a piece of music by artists such as Ninja Tracks, Two Steps From Hell, Audiomachine and Immediate Music. 

Trailer Example:
The Legend of Tarzan (2016, Directed By David Yates)   
This trailer features the song 'Axois' by Nathan Lanier, albeit it has been edited in order to help make the trailer more dramatic and does not begin until the middle of the trailer. There is a certain noise that is repeated throughout multiple times over the course of the trailer that sounds like a violin being played at a high key, the noise is made to sound unnerving. There is also a rhythmic drumbeat at the beginning of this trailer used to help gradually draw the audience into the trailer. This drumbeat runs parallel to the cuts and action. At 1:25 the drumbeat gains a quicker tempo in order to make the action seem more intense. The song 'Axois' has a female singing in a non-English language and a rhythmic drumbeat which is the similar to the one used at the beginning of the trailer and almost sounds tribal, which suits the setting of the film as it takes place primarily in a jungle.

Foley Sound

Foley sound is the reproduction of everyday sound, which is edited into films, videos and other media productions in order to help highlight can action so that we can recognise what the action is even if we cannot see it. Examples of these sounds can be a horse galloping (this sound can be created by clapping coconuts together) walking through snow (crunching grain in a glove), breaking glass. Foley sounds can be catagorised into three sections feet, moves and specifics. Feet refers to the sound made by footsteps. The sounds made vary depending on the type of surface that the person should be standing on and the type of shoe the character should be wearing. Moves refers to movement. This can be the sound of fabric swaying or rubbing against each other. Specifics refers to other sounds like doors closing, alarms ringing, or knocking. These sounds can help an audience get a better idea of the size and space of the room judging by the echo. Without foley sound the audience might not know what is going on in the scene as sometimes microphones do not pick up background sounds.

These sounds are created by foley artists. They are the ones who experiment with different objects and techniques in order to replicate the sound and they record them in a studio whilst watching a scene from a film so that they can time the sounds right and have a better idea on what type of sound to use. 

This video shows how foley artist Gary Hecker does his job as he recreated the sounds of footsteps by walking on a gravel-like surface whilst watching a scene from the 2010 Robin Hood film.He also created the sound of a sword being drawn by scraping two pieces of straight-cut metal against each other, a horse breathing by him cupping his hands over his mouth and imitating the sound of a horse, as well as the horse running by clopping cup-like objects against a sandy surface. He also demonstrates how he creates the sounds of a car falling out of a plane and crashing onto the ground. 









Foley Example:
Jurassic Park (1993, Directed By Steven Spielberg) Clip - Tyrannosaurus Rex 

This is the scene in Jurassic Park where the escaped t- rex comes looking for prey and crushes the Ford   Explorer which has the two children inside of it. At the start of the scene the dinosaur nudges the side of the car with it's nose. The noise made by the car being hit would likely have been made by a foley artist dropping or hitting a sheet of metal against a strong and hard surface. When we see the t-rex break the glass on top of the car we can hear the glass breaking. One  technique to do this is by laying metal wind chimes on the floor and either throwing or moving a small bottle over them. It is raining in the entirety of this scene, one technique to create the sound of rain falling is recording the sound of sizzling bacon. 

We cut to the two adults who are in the car behind, as one of them frantically searches for a box of flares, he has to shuffle paper around to find them, which can easily be replicated by repeating the same action in a silent location. When the car is bing pushed into the muddy ground we can hear the mud squelching as if fills us the car. This could be done by having a bucket of wet mud and moving the contents around to get the squelching noise. We cut back to the man with the flare, which is now lit and has a fizzing sound to it. A way suggested to make this noise is by placing a microphone close to a running stream of water and placing something in the way of the water to adjust the flow. When the wooden toilet hut got destroyed by the t-rex, the sound could have been made by throwing blocks of wood and woven wooden strips to the floor. The dinosaurs roar was created by using a mixture of dog, penguin, elephant, tiger and alligator sounds throughout the entire film. 

Diegetic and Non-diegetic Sound

Diegetic sounds are sounds that can be heard in a scene by a character in the scene. This can be something such as an alarm, a radio or a telephone. Other examples can be characters talking (in a conversation or in the background) or ambient sound of the surrounding area (eg. wind, traffic noise, weather). 

Diegetic Sound Example:
American Graffiti (1973, Directed By George Lucas) Clip - 'Must Be Your Mama's Car'

 In this scene we first see two characters having a  conversation in a yellow car, until a driver behind them in  a black car clearly wants their attention, he drives to the  side of the yellow car and the two drivers start sparring  non-offensive insults at each other. The entirety of this  scene is made of diegetic sound. At the start of this  scene we can hear the conversation between the two  people in the yellow car which is clearly diegetic as it is  not a voice-over or narration. We can also hear the faint  sound of the radio playing in the background with the DJ  in the middle of talking, though this is slightly muffled so  that we pay our attention to the main conversation going  on between the two characters. 

When the driver of the  yellow car realises that the driver in the car behind is  clearly trying to agitate him, he immediately stops his  car in which we hear the screech of the breaks. The car  pulls up into the lane next to them so that the cars are driving side-by-side. The two drivers then start shouting to each other from the cars until they reach a set of traffic lights. They decide to compete in seeing who can drive off the fastest and both start roaring their engines. For half of the duration of this scene we can hear music playing in the background which does not change volume as the drivers move along, and sounds as if it is coming from a distance from a radio, so we can assume the music is coming from one of the car radios. 

I think that they decided to make this scene entirely diegetic to create a sense of realism of what it would be like driving along the streets at night, in order to make this scene feel like something that would genuinely happen in real life. The audience would not feel as if the characters were real or relatable if the music in the background sounded non-diegetic and just played over the top of the scene as it would set an entirely different atmosphere. 

Non-diegetic sounds are sounds that the characters in a scene cannot hear but the audience can. This can be a piece of music incorporated over the top of a scene to compliment the events going on, a leitmotif (a piece of music attached to a character) or can be a narrator talking over the top of a sequence. 

Non- Diegetic Sound Example:
Forrest Gump (1994, Directed By Rovert Zemeckis) Clip - 'Peas and Carrots'
In this scene, Forrest Gump reflects back on his childhood to the time where he first met his best friend and love interest Jenny. For the first10 seconds in this clip, all dialogue spoken by Forrest is diegetic. After this, all lines spoken by the older version of Forrest turns into non-diegetic sound as he is now narrating his past rather than speaking to someone next to him about his life and he is not physically present in the past. During the entirety of this clip there is a piece of joyful, violin, melodic music playing to help add a happy tone to one of Forrest's favourite memories so that it is easier for the audience to relate. 

 

Trailer Example:
Batman V Superman (2016, Directed By Zak Snyder)

For the first 45 seconds of the trailer, most of the sound we can hear is diegetic. From 0:00-0:15 we see Alfred driving Batman's jet towards a building so that Batman can jump through a window to get inside. The diegetic sound we here here is the clicking of the jet's controls as Alfred moves the levers around, the sound of the jet's engine when it is viewed from a long distance shot, and the crashing of the glass when Batman breaks through the window. 

The scene changes to when Batman breaks through the floor boards of a room with a number of armed men. The sounds that are diegetic in this sequence are of the wooden floor panels breaking, punches being thrown, wooden crates being crashed into, an explosion, the scratching of knives against metal and men being thrown to the floor. In the background of this scene we can hear a very faint sound of violins making an increasingly loud screeching discordant noise, this is non-diegetic as the characters in the scene cannot hear this as it is very unlikely that there is a violin orchestra sitting in the back of the room, casually watching this act of violence play out. 

The scene changes again to show Alfred talking to Bruce Wayne, Bruce telling Alfred 'I'm getting slow in my old age Alfred', and Alfred replying 'Even you've got to old to die young, not for lack of trying.' This dialogue can be heard over a black screen as a clip of a character walking through a corridor filmed from an establishing shot starts to fade in, during this time the dialogue is non-diegetic. When we finally see Alfred and Bruce as close ups this dialogue can then be classed as diegetic. 

As this cuts to black, the song 'The Seeker' - Waspland remix starts playing. This song is used non-diegetically throughout the rest of the trailer, albeit it is edited in order to run parallel to the action in the trailer. The line 'He has the power to wipe out the entire human race' is non-diegetic as it is spoken over a scene showing Superman looking at oncoming missiles. We find out the speaker of this line when he continues with the line starting  'If we believe that there is even a one percent chance....'. This line is continued over a shot of Superman being crowded around by a group of people to which the dialogue then switches to non-diegetic. The remainder of the dialogue in this trailer is either entirely diegetic or non-diegetic. Any sound effects such as explosions, throwing knives, guns being fired, breaking buildings and attempted kicks are all diegetic. 

I think that the reason why they chose to switch between diegetic and non- diegetic dialogue is to help add drama to the trailer, when we hear the voice but not see the speaker first it helps to create an enigma of 'who is speaking?', and when the dialogue is continued over a clip from diegetic to non-diegetic, it can help tell the audience that what they are talking about is significant to what is being shown at the time, like in this trailer when a character says 'The greatest gladiator match in the history of the world. God versus man' and the scene where Batman arrives in his bat-mobile to confront Superman is shown, clearly referencing that Superman is the 'god' and Batman is the 'man'.

Levi Strauss Narrative Theory and Film Trailers

Strauss created the narrative theory of the binary opposites (clear contrasts), and that a narrative is centred around the conflict of these opposites. These opposites can include: 

Good vs Evil

Hero vs Villain

Light VS Darkness

Human VS Inhuman

Innocent VS Corrupt

Town VS Nature

Civilisation VS Barbarity

Beautiful VS Ugly

New VS Old

Warcraft (2016, Directed By Duncan Jones)

This poster for Warcraft is a good example for binary opposites, I believe. We can clearly tell the opposing sides by the use of contrasting colours of red and blue. We can assume that those in the blue section are the protagonists as blue can be seen as a calming, peaceful colour, and that those in the red are the antagonists as red can be an aggressive colour. Those on the red side are also wielding weapons, telling us they are looking for a fight, whereas those on the blue side seem to just be standing, although the male on the right appears to be casting a spell. It can be argued that this film could be based around humans VS non- humans as two characters on the left look monster-like, although the characters on the right are not entirely human, they look more human-like than those on the left. The enigma in this poster is that we do not know why these two sides are opposing each other, as we know it cannot be about race as each side has different creature races. To summarise, the binary opposites we can see in this poster are:

Good VS Evil

Human VS Inhuman (to an extent)

Peace VS Aggression

Rise of the Guardians (2012, Directed By Peter Ramsey)

Rise of the Guardians is a children's film made by Dreamworks. The narrative of the film is about the guardians: North (Santa Clause), Bunnymund (Easter bunny), Tooth (the tooth fairy), Sandy (the sandman) and Jack Frost (who is not shown in this particular trailer) as they fight against Pitch Black (the Boogeyman) as he tries to replace happiness with fear among children. As this is a children's film there is a clear distinction between good and evil as the audience is young and might not take an interest in a film where there are blurred boundaries between innocent and corrupt characters. 

The clear distinction between good and evil can be seen here in the character's design and the colours used in their surroundings:

Sandy

Is made out of gold, sparkling dust. He has a round physique which makes him look harmless and friendly. The background behind him in this shot is of a night sky which is starting to change to sunrise. This blue and orange combination creates a soothing colour palette which is relaxing to look at. This fits the character of the sandman as he delivers peaceful dreams to sleeping children.

Tooth
Like the sandman, she has a fairly round physique to make her look harmless. Both her, her fairies and the mural behind her are all brightly coloured, none of which are harsh clashing colours but complimentary, which can be eye-catching to a young audience. 

Bunnymund
Unlike the other guardians, Bunnymund has more of a sharp and pointy physique which usually would indicate a character to be evil, however because of the environment he is in we can tell that he is a good character. Like Tooth, his surrounds are of bright pinks and greens and has the sun shining down upon him and his Easter egg workers.

North

Again, like Tooth and Sandy, North has a very round physique to give him a friendly look, but he is also made to look large and strong. From what we can see in this shot he is wearing a red shirt since this is traditionally what Santa Clause wears. The setting behind him is mostly made of brown wood and is lit up by candle light, giving an impression of warmth and cosiness.

Pitch
Half of his body is hidden by the darkness, concealing his looks, which quite literally makes him seem like a shady character. Apart from his pale yellow eye he is colourless, clearly lacking a vibrant, friendly personality. His features are quite sharp which can indicate an evil character as it can remind you of sharp objects that can harm you. 




As North narrates over the top of the trailer he mentions that the guardians bring wonder, hope, joy and dreams which we have seen evidence of in a montage during the first minute of the trailer where we see children being made happy by the actions and creations of the guardians. This contrasts greatly with what pitch says later in the trailer 'That dream is over, its time for fear to rule the world'. While the guardians fight to protect children's happiness, Pitch will fight to replace it with fear, the complete opposite. As the film is made for a target audience of children, they will obviously route for the guardians to win as they are presented to be morally good, whereas Pitch wants children to feel at unease.

To summarise the binary opposites shown in this trailer:
Good VS Evil
Light VS Darkness
Happiness VS Fear

And although it isn't heavily touched upon in this trailer, other binary opposites are:
Dreams VS Nightmares
Belief VS Disbelief

How could this theory be applied to my trailer? 
Considering how how both sides of the conflict will be criminals (a group of drug users and a serial killer hacker) who are corrupted in their own way, it would not make sense to apply binary opposites the binary opposites theory to the characters as this entirely defies the conventions, especially since we think it will be best to leave it ambiguous who the audience should be routing for in order to keep the trailer enigmatic so we will not be showing a clear 'good' side and 'bad' side. 

Vladmir Propp Narrative Theory and Film Trailers

Vladimir Propp created the theory of the 8 character types, that there is 8 recurring characters found in the narrative of a film that each have a role to help the narrative progress and that the story is built around them. These 8 character types are:

The Hero: Leads the narrative, usually the hero is motivated to progress through the narrative in order to find or save something, such as finding a holy grail or saving a princess. The hero generally succeeds.

The Villain: The main antagonist of the story and usually the rival of the hero. The villain tends to be shown as morally bad so that the audience supports the hero. The villains role in the narrative is to create or be an obstacle for the hero so that they cannot complete their quest. 

The Donor: Gives something to the hero to help them succeed in their quest, this doesn't necessarily need to be a physical object.

The Helper: Similar to a donor, the helper aids the hero in their quest, their role is to support the hero in the most crucial times to give support and guidance. They can also help show that even the hero has his limits.

The Princess: The princess is the reward for the character, though this doesn't necessarily mean a literal person,  the reward can simply be a gold medal. Generally the princess is the love interest of the hero who requited feelings for them.

The Princesses Father: Will reward the hero if the task is completed. The father can be in competition with the hero.

The Dispatcher: As the name suggests, the dispatcher sends the hero on their way to complete their mission.

The False Hero: Acts as if they are a hero throughout the narrative and can be mistaken for the actual hero, when in fact they are either claiming the fame or is secretly working against the hero. 

Film Trailer Example:

Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith (2005, Directed by George Lucas)

Star Wars Episode 3 takes an interesting approach on the 8 character types as the film is about the protagonist, Anakin, turning towards the Dark Side, who have notoriously been the antagonists throughout all of the Star Wars movies up until now. As Anakin becomes more corrupted with his change of allegiance, the perspective of the characters start to change as well, as once foes will start to become allies and once allies will start to become foes, though this mostly applies if you are looking from Anakin's perspective. As an audience we are still made to perceive the Dark Side as antagonists as we have an omnipresent view of the narrative and can see the wrongs in the Dark Side's actions.

The Hero 

The protagonist of the film, Anakin Skywalker. His motive is to find a way to save his wife Padmé from a prophesied early death. He was told by Yoda that nothing can be done and he must accept that, whereas Palpatine said that a Sith lord was once able to bring the dead back to life, thus marking the start of his turn to the Dark Side. 

Villain/ False Hero / Father

The Emperor, also know as Darth Sidious and Palpatine, serves as multiple roles in this film as he is the villain to those on the Jedi's side and is overall the main antagonist of the narrative. He is a false hero as he helps Anakin through out the story, luring him towards the Dark Side, in Anakin's perspective he is an ally however he is still a villain. He can also be considered to be the father of the story, though he is not literally the Princess's father, his role is to reward Anakin once he fully joins the Dark side in his attempt to save Padmé, and to make him a Dark Lord of the Sith.  

Helper

There are three helpers shown in the trailer. The first is Obi Wan Kenobi. Obi Wan is the main helper in the film as he is the one to show that Anakin has a weakness and almost plays the part of Anakin's good side of his conscience, his voice of reason, particularly in the part of the trailer when he tells Anakin 'You were the chosen one!'.

Helper

Mace Windu is also a helper in the film, in the trailer we see him help fight against the Dark Side forces as well as disallow Anakin to become a master and attempt to arrest Palpatine before either of them overthrow those of the Jedi order.

Helper

Yoda is the third helper shown in the trailer. He appears to be the wise mentor to the Jedi's as he tells Obi wan 'Twisted by the Dark Side, young Skywalker has become', informing him and the audience of what one of the disruptions of the narrative is. He is also shown fighting Palpatine towards the end of the trailer.

Princess

Though she may literally be a princess/ queen, Padmé is essentially Anakin's reward and motivation for the sake of him moving onwards in the narrative since his reason to join the Dark Side is to find a way to save her from death.

Dispatcher: There is no clear dispatcher shown in the trailer as Anakin is given tasks from both the Jedis and Palpatine.

Donor: It can be argued that the Emperor is the donor as he teaches Anakin the dark ways of the force, however there is no particular donor shown in this trailer.

This is the poster for Iron Man 3. Like most superhero films, the poster shows a range of characters, though as there is not a large main cast in this film, only 5 characters are prominent on the poster.

Hero

Tony Stark, clearly the protagonist of this film as he is the closest to the front and has been made to be more prominent by the lighting as his face has a key light on the right side of his face, which the other characters do not, this being done so that we are instantly drawn to look at him first because he is the most important. He is also the only character with glowing blue lights, this connoting that he is a 'good' character. His stance in this poster tells us that he is ready to defend the girl he is holding at all costs as he does not look aggressive, but still has his hand slightly raised, ready for a fight. 

Princess

Pepper Potts is the princess of the film. We can tell this because Tony is holding her tightly in order to protect her, and she has her hand on his chest as if to say that she trusts him. Since she and Tony are intimately holding each other we can assume that Pepper is Tony's love interest and his motivation, which makes her fulfil her role as the princess. Considering how he looks like he is protecting her and how she is close to the front, she must have a significant role in the film that if something bad happens to her then they will not be able to resolve the disruption. 

 

Helper 

The helper for this film is James Rhodes aka War Machine. We can tell this because his expression is fairly neutral and he is stood determinedly, but not with aggression. He is wearing an iron suit similar to Tony's which could suggest that they are a team.  

(False) Villain:

This character is placed at the back of the group and is made to be the smallest scale suggesting that his character has importance to the plot but is not very significant overall. He looks as if he is scowling towards Tony and Peppa which means that they are enemies. It is revealed in the film that this character is Trevor Slattery, an actor hired to pretend to be the terrorist, Mandarin, because he had the 'ideal look'. 

Villain

This is the true antagonist of the film, Mandarin. We can tell he is the villain because he is not grouped with the other four people but is instead placed at the top of the poster like many villains do. He is also in a different coloured lighting and is facing away from Tony, meaning that they are on opposite sides. He is of a bigger than than Rhodes is suggesting that he is of more significance to the plot. He looks as if he is supposed to be sitting on a throne, telling the audience is is supposed to be intimidating and looked upon. He also looks as if he is scowling, yet bored, that he does not feel threatened by anyone. 

 


How could this theory be applied to my trailer?

Like in the Star Wars Episode III trailer, the protagonists in my trailer will all be corrupted in some way or another since we plan for the narrative to be based around criminals vs criminals, therefore making a clear distinction between the hero and the villain will not fit the themes we will want to create as we do not want to make it clear to the audience what side they should be routing for because we believe that this helps to create a good enigma. At this point I don't think that the 'princess' will be a physical object or being, but rather an achievement. Helpers can simply be less significant members of the drug-user gang or a friend of the serial killer hacker. In conclusion, we do not want to follow the typical character types to a great extent as we want our characters to be unconventional in order to give a fresh twist on the genre.